Interview Preparation

MYSQL Interview Questions

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Q1
What is MySQL and what are its key features?

MySQL is a widely used open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) based on Structured Query Language (SQL).

It supports multiple storage engines, ACID transactions, replication, partitioning, and clustering.

MySQL is known for its reliability, ease of use, performance, and compatibility with various platforms and programming languages.

It's commonly used in web applications, especially as part of the LAMP stack (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Python/Perl).

Q2
What are the differences between MyISAM and InnoDB storage engines?

InnoDB supports transactions, row-level locking, foreign keys, and crash recovery, making it suitable for high-reliability environments.

MyISAM does not support transactions or foreign keys but offers faster read operations and full-text indexing.

InnoDB uses buffer pools for caching data and indexes, while MyISAM stores data in separate files.

As of MySQL 5.5+, InnoDB is the default storage engine due to its robustness and transactional capabilities.

Q3
What is a primary key and a foreign key in MySQL?

A primary key uniquely identifies each record in a table and must contain unique values with no NULL entries.

A foreign key establishes a link between two tables by referencing the primary key in another table, enforcing referential integrity.

Primary keys ensure entity integrity, while foreign keys maintain relationship consistency across tables.

Together, they help structure relational databases and prevent orphaned records.

Q4
How do you optimize MySQL queries for better performance?
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Use proper indexing on frequently queried columns to speed up searches and joins.

Write efficient SQL queries by avoiding SELECT *, using LIMIT, and minimizing subqueries.

Normalize tables to reduce redundancy, but consider denormalization for performance-critical scenarios.

Use EXPLAIN to analyze query execution plans and identify bottlenecks.

Optimize server configuration settings like buffer pool size, query cache, and connection limits.

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