Interview Preparation

C# Interview Questions

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Q1
What is C# and what are its main features?

C# is a statically-typed, object-oriented language developed by Microsoft for Windows, web, and cloud applications.

It integrates seamlessly with the .NET framework and supports garbage collection, LINQ, async/await, and type inference.

C# supports multiple paradigams including imperative, functional, and component-based programming.

It is used for game development (Unity), web apps (ASP.NET), and enterprise software development.

Q2
What are delegates in C#?

Delegates are type-safe function pointers used to pass methods as parameters or invoke them asynchronously.

They are used to implement event handling and callback mechanisms.

Actions and Funcs are built-in generic delegates for common use cases.

They enable event-driven and asynchronous programming patterns in C# applications.

Delegates are the foundation for events and lambda expressions in C#.

Q3
What is the difference between ref and out parameters in C#?

Both ref and out pass arguments by reference rather than value.

ref requires the variable to be initialized before passing, while out does not require prior initialization.

Use ref for bidirectional communication and out for returning additional values from methods.

They are commonly used in performance-sensitive code and API design.

Understanding ref/out helps optimize performance and handle complex method outputs cleanly.

Q4
What are events and how are they used in C#?
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Events in C# are used to implement the observer pattern and notify subscribers about changes or actions.

They are declared using the event keyword and used with delegates to handle callbacks.

Common use cases include GUI events, asynchronous operations, and publish-subscribe patterns.

Event handlers are attached using += and removed with -= to manage subscriptions.

Proper event management prevents memory leaks and improves application responsiveness.

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